Antibacterial: Of or pertaining to a substance capable of destroying or inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
Anticancer: Of or pertaining to a substance used against or tending to arrest or prevent cancer
Antifungal: Of or pertaining to a substance capable of destroying fungi or inhibiting their growth
Anti-inflammatory: Of or pertaining to a substance capable of counteracting inflammation.
Antineoplastic: Of or pertaining to a substance capable of inhibiting or preventing the growth and spread of neoplasms or malignant cells.
Antioxidant: Of or pertaining to a substance capable of protecting body cells from the damaging effects of oxidation.
Anti-proliferative: Of or pertaining to a substance used to prevent or retard the spread of cells, esp. malignant cells, into surrounding tissues.
Antiviral: Of or pertaining to a substance capable of destroying or inhibiting the growth and reproduction of viruses.
Caloric restriction: The practice of greatly reducing one’s calorie intake through food and drink in an attempt to increase one’s lifespan
Flavonoids: A type of plant-derived antioxidant, believed to help lower the risk of heart disease.
French Paradox: Is the observed phenomenon of the increased longevity and health of people in France, despite a very rich, high-fat diet.
Free radical: A chemistry term that describes an atomic or molecular species with unpaired electrons on an otherwise open shell configuration. Free radical theory attributes aging to the accumulation of free radical damage with the passage of time. Because free radicals are necessary for life, the body has a number of mechanisms to minimize free radical induced damage and to repair damage that occurs. In addition, antioxidants play a key role in these defense mechanisms, including vitamin A, C and E, as well as polyphenol antioxidants.
Grape Polyphenols: A polyphenol antioxidant derived from grapes or red wine. See Polyphenols.
In vitro: Experimentation of a biological process made to occur in a laboratory vessel or other controlled environment rather than within a living organism or natural setting.
Phytoantitoxin: A bioactive plant substance considered to have the ability to neutralize toxins or providing passive immunity.
Platelet: A minute colorless anucleate disk-like body of mammalian blood that is derived from fragments of megakaryocyte cytoplasm, that is released from the bone marrow into the blood, and that assists in blood clotting by adhering to other platelets and to damaged epithelium called also blood platelet, thrombocyte.
Polygonum cuspidatum: Also known as Japanese Knotweed, it is a large, herbaceous perennial plant, native to eastern Asia. It is a commercial source of resveratrol for nutritional supplements. Its root extract is a traditional Chinese medicinal treatment.
Polyphenol: An antioxidant phytochemical (as chlorogenic acid) that tends to prevent or neutralize the damaging effects of free radicals.
Resveratrol: A natural compound found in grapes, mulberries, peanuts, and other plants or food products, especially red wine, that may protect against cancer and cardiovascular disease by acting as an antioxidant, antimutagen, and anti-inflammatory agent.
Sirtuins: A homologous family of proteins that includes the NAD-dependent protein deacetylases which deacetylate proteins by catalyzing the formation of O-acetyl-ADP-ribose from the ADP-RIBOSE moiety (of NAD) and the acetyl group that is being removed from the protein.
Stilbene: An aromatic hydrocarbon C14H12 used as a phosphor and in making dyes.
Trans-resveratrol: One of the types of resveratrol found in red wine.Trans-Resveratrol is the type of resveratrol used in numerous scientific studies to determine its possible health benefits.